What is overlay openwrt 0K 0% /dev root 2. 1M 0 100% /tmp/root /dev/mtdblock4 704. Is it possible to retrieve these files from the USB stick using my linux laptop? Somehow the files ar'nt visible on my laptop. 1M 640. Rootfs is mounted as overlayfs # mount mtd:ubi_rootfs on /rom type squashfs (ro,relatime) overlayfs:/overlay on / type overlay (rw,noatime,low Jun 23, 2014 · The content of this topic has been archived on 5 May 2018. the packet manager can not be opened an the nount points entry too. 6M 3% /overlay overlayfs:/overlay 2 Nov 20, 2020 · My modem has reached this level of completion after about 30 days in the / overlay section, about 89% Why is this section being filled? And how to stop it? Because it creates problems after filling Filesystem Size Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/root 11. I installed a sd card with 128GB. 5G WAN port, and USB-C power. I have a mini pc with two ethernet ports running OpenWrt 22. After a few moments of trying to configure it, I received a message that /rom is Read-Only. 6M 320. Mar 29, 2018 · To support persistent overlay FS Should I select "jffs2" int Target images? Currently, I observe the /overlay directory is empty and is mounted as tmpFS. 0 and later uses the containerd image store by default. 0. Mar 13, 2024 · As these overlay device trees aren't really relevant to most 'traditional' OpenWrt routers (because the hardware is fixed and the horribly ancient OEM bootloaders not supporting this in the first place, respectively not even supports device trees at all (and usually requiring to append the device tree to the kernel itself, to bypass this bootloader restriction)), you are probably going to be Dec 26, 2023 · I just installed OpenWrt on a LibreRouter v1. Hello, I am a new user of openwrt. Feb 16, 2025 · I managed to grow my overlay on the R5S running the new stock OpenWRT 24. 1 by changing the USB stick. My first ever attempt at expanding the hidden file system for a writable overlay failed on 22. The I did an update and mount this sd as /overlay. If I want to restore our OpenWRT, I will have to know which packages where installed on our routers. Then reboot. 3M 0 100% /rom tmpfs 61. Wanted to know which directories should be running from nvme and which image of openwrt should be used squash or ext4 I have 32gb emmc model But since I plan to run some dockers I want to write to nvme Would /overlay is only parition I need to move? Or var and tmp should also be moved Nov 23, 2024 · Installing and Using OpenWrt bomberb17 November 23, 2024, 4:09am 1 I had an old router where my external disk was used for overlay. There are no obvious gaps in this topic, but there may still be some posts missing at the end. OverlayFS is also at the base of the “overlay” and “overlay2” Docker storage drivers. Any suggestion? Thanks. I originally contributed the Amped Wireless ALLY support to OpenWRT, but there apparently are differences in how their build servers build the release images vs. "OpenWRT" for dummies guide? High Level overview? Glossary? Documentation with GUI screenshots? Guides for idiots like me? (the wiki is impenetrable [ to me]). 8M 0 100% /rom tmpfs 123. or is there a way to escape from this situation and reinstall openwrt ? Thanks. 1e-1) to root Collected errors: * verify_pkg_installable: Only have 208kb available on filesystem /overlay, pkg libopenssl needs 623 * opkg_install_cmd: Cannot install package libopenssl. A Device Tree Overlay is a modification to the kernel’s live tree on a device - meaning adding support for new hardware or changing how hardware is supported. 0K 89% /overlay overlayfs:/overlay 2. There's no need to 'control' it, if you want to make it much larger than it is then look into using an external device via USB. The hidden writable filesystem on my R4S squashfs image is ext4 instead of f2fs. 05 based firmware supports runtime loading of Device Tree Overlays. Nov 14, 2020 · I've came across a custom LEDE image in this repository, which contains a /overlay/mac80211/patches folder. But while restoring the config data i am missing some files. 4M 1. Now I had to reconfigure it and in luci I can not acces two points. Available Flash : 32 MB Available Memory : 64 MB OverlayFS is a union mount filesystem implementation for Linux. Hello everyone My device is ubnt-erx and zbt-we1326 How to expand the space of overlay? Because its space is too small to install too many software, and the space of tmp is too large, too wasteful root@UBNT:~# df -h Filesystem Size Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/root 1. The overlay and squashed ROM partition usually share the same storage as shown. When logging into SSH, there was a message to remove files from /overlay/upper. 0M 10% /tmp tmpfs 512. Example with GL-MT1300 Connect your router to the internet, use SSH to login the Openwrt and run below: root@GL-MT1300:~# opkg update root@GL-MT1300:~# opkg install block-mount kmod Jul 15, 2012 · Then I noticed that there is a difference between the output of “df -h“ which reports 68. Initially I thought the include should be applied to uboot package but in reality it was applied to the Kernel (what is far better). /usr is not empty compared to when one issues the firstboot command after reboot the overlay is workinig again, but the previuos data is lost Nov 28, 2024 · I specified the overlay mount point in luci also, but that didn't help, similar messages in log and the overlay is still not with the external disk Oct 16, 2023 · Your JFFS2-partition seems full and overlayfs is mounted read-only. Docker Engine 29. If the read/write overlay partition is completely full, it is mounted as read-only. It combines multiple different underlying mount points into one, resulting in a single directory structure that contains underlying files and sub-directories from all sources. 4M 13. 2 squashfs image for my R4S. 4M 7. Now, as as dangort said, a few options: 1: Use extroot to change the overlay partition. Jan 10, 2025 · The Cudy TR3000 is an excellent travel router with modern features like Wi-Fi 6, a 2. 8M 0% /tmp /dev/ubi0_1 213. root@OpenWrt:~# df -h Oct 11, 2013 · How to make space for packages on OpenWrt using by moving your root filesystem to a USB flash drive. 0K 123. Jan 19, 2025 · The root file system is actually an overlay which can be consisted of a read-only SquashFS file system (mounted at /rom) and a writable JFFS2 partition (mounted under /overlay). It will do the same after a reset. Use resize. Jan 29, 2024 · /overlay/upper, /etc are empty. Very little is assigned to /overlay and this means that I cannot install the software I want. 6M 32 Oct 20, 2025 · Caveat: Failsafe mode is only available if you have installed firmware from a Squashfs image, that includes the required read-only root partition, and all your later changes are in a separate /overlay partition & directory. For more information, see Select a storage driver. But after installing, I found that I could not install any additional packages due to low disck space. In this particular instance, it seems to me that this folder includes patches to a wireless driver that operates at the kernel level. 0K 60. This means you can dynamically add hardware support to a running firmware just by installing packages, opening the door for easier support of more use cases for the Omega2. Jan 1, 2016 · The imagebuilder is what you need to use. Here's what I used: Sep 23, 2024 · Overlay分區的空間大小是在編譯固件時決定的, 爲了便於固件的分享和傳播, 避免固件體積過大, 通常不會設定非常大的overlay空間, 這就導致需要對這類已編譯好的固件進行手動擴容的操作; 在 OpenWrt第一次啓動時將自動格式化所分配的overlay空間, 我們要做的就是在 Oct 22, 2017 · The firmware is read-only squashfs partition /rom All your additions, changes, removals, configs go to read-write jffs2 overlay partition /overlay. Sep 30, 2022 · I am building an openwrt firmware for an old mt7620 board for commercial purpose (captive portal) I am encountering a strange behaviour when I try to save updated config files. 3M 11. I have installed opkg for luci but no effects. 10 squashfs. 03 x86 overlay size I'm trying to follow the instructions at extroot to increase the size of my overlay partition, but it doesn't seem to take. This whole 100MB partition that every release uses is a bad idea - it does nobody any good. 1-rc5 while -rc4 looks more tidy with the following, root@OpenWrt:~# df -h Filesystem Size Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/root 2. ) All the directions I found for expanding the overlay filesystem on a squashfs image were for f2fs. I have been mostly successful except for one thing: root@Confusion:/home# df Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/root xx. 0K 0 512. 0K free of 4. Check with "df" that you have free space there. bin firmware, but if I build my own version using their scripts, I get very different files in the overlay (including a much newer mbedtls that doesn't work Nov 18, 2021 · How to increase the Overlay filesystem without external storage for MediaTek 7628 Processeor. Aug 31, 2025 · Openwrt - Extend disk space for apps. f2fs instead. what is the best way to cancel/disable the overlay usb drive? roo… 1 of the 2 routers show a u (n)mount button in Luci's mount-GUI for '/rom/overlay' ? Note that there are other files in /overlay/upper that might have different metadata but the content is the same -- I personally don't care about those. Everything seems ready for pivoting. However, like many compact routers, it has limited internal storage. If not, you have to delete something to free space and then reboot. 03 and flashed into Omega2S+ using sysupgrade command. Common applications overlay a read/write partition over a read-only partition, such as with LiveCDs and IoT devices with limited flash memory write cycles. It Apr 11, 2024 · When you want to install the Openwrt packages and find our router does not have enough flash memory, you can mount a USB drive or SD card as an external disk to install those packages onto it, like AdGuard Home. No network lights nor ethernet connection. Is a package-list automatically saved in the overlay or does I need to save the "opkg list-installed", also an overview of the installed packages seperately? Nov 5, 2022 · I built OpenWrt 22. I checked with du command and the result was like this. 0K 29% /overlay mini_fo:/overlay 2. This would be on top of the ubifs overlay mounted to /. . 9M 2. The router now won't boot with openwrt, and when I connect lan to May 7, 2025 · The overlay filesystem is a critical component in OpenWRT's storage architecture, providing a mechanism to modify a read-only filesystem by overlaying a writable layer on top of it. I have installed image on TP-LINK WPA8631P. How can I modify the partition scheme in order to have more space for software? I think 1 MB more would be enough. To verify whether your device has the SquashFS root partition, check for “squashfs” either in the OpenWrt image name or perform the following check on your device: grep Oct 26, 2025 · See also: OpenWrt on UEFI based x86 systems OpenWrt can run in normal PC, VM, or server hardware, and take advantage of the much more powerful hardware the x86 (Intel/AMD) architecture can offer. This blog will guide you through installing OpenWrt, configuring Extroot to expand storage using a USB drive, and Feb 25, 2022 · I am trying to figure out how to setup a tmpfs overlay mounted to /. Both under system. Looks like this is the reason why fail to mount overly. building your own. Sep 20, 2019 · I have an OpenWrt-based system on an embedded device. 1M 0 100% /rom tmpfs 14. Mar 4, 2025 · In most supported devices OpenWrt splits the internal storage into rootfs and rootfs_data or ubifs partitions which are merged together into a single writable overlay filesystem. 0K 204. GitHub Gist: instantly share code, notes, and snippets. 7M on /overlay and “du -sh /overlay” which gave me around 9. Essentially, you can (nearly) follow these instructions. 0K 500. Jan 29, 2020 · If the file defines no partition to be mounted at /overlay, then OpenWrt continues to merge / as lowerdir and /overlay/upper as upperdir into a single union mount at /, hiding the old /. After I upgraded to the new router That should've worked. Most of the storage space is assigned to /tmp. xx /rom/rom tmpfs xx xx xx xx /tmp /dev/sda1 xx xx xx xx /rom/overlay overlayfs:/overlay xx xx xx xx /rom ubi1:syscfg xx xx xx xx /tmp/syscfg tm Jan 22, 2024 · Whenever you do an attendedsysupgrade the storage space gets changed. OpenWRT 22. 5M 1% /tmp /dev/mtdblock6 2. Let’s see what is the main logic behind it. 1M 201. Please try to remove files from /overlay/upper/ and reboot! Feb 2, 2025 · I'm using nano pi r6c and got nvme installed to it. 5 to 24. Dec 7, 2021 · Hey al, I am trying to understand a custom openwrt lede build from an iot hardware vendor. 1M 2. For some reason there is a libmbedtls version that ends up in their /overlay/upper/usr/lib/ directory when I run their stock squashfs-sysupgrade. OverlayFS: basic concepts Two layers are involved The OpenWRT 23. root@OpenWrt:~# block info Oct 10, 2024 · I have an GL-x750 Spitz with openwrt. I have a ubiquiti usg 3p router with an 16Gb usb stick. It took me a while to figure out that the overlay is actually an f2fs, not ext2/3/4, so resize2fs won't work. Oct 4, 2023 · In the first case OpenWrt will not want to read the configuration of /etc/config/fstab (FS#2231) ; in the latter case you can work around it by mounting the external/additional disk directly to / . Here's the df -h output. Nov 14, 2022 · I will add for any OpenWrt devs who might come across this, that every official build of OpenWrt should be set up to use all the available eMMc space in a given platform. 8M 1. Aug 16, 2012 · I must say I am deeply impressed how fast you respond to my openwrt requests. The SquashFS image may need a bind mount at /rom, and the JFFS2 partition also needs one at /overlay (of the new root file system). Aug 2, 2020 · The first time you boot OpenWrt, it will use the hardcoded device settings in the read-only rootfs to configure your device, saving those settings on /overlay. root@yellow:~# df -h Filesystem Size Used Available Use% Mounted on Aug 18, 2023 · The challenge did was how to transform the dts overlay in a dtsi include file. Jun 12, 2012 · If you reinstall newer version of the same packages, which then end to /overlay , they virtually replace the original ones from OS perspective, but original ones still take space in /rom. Mar 8, 2015 · The device had hanged and it won't respond so I had to reboot it and as you said all the files on / drive were deleted and so were /overlay/upper/usr/lib folder and its files. probably because Jan 13, 2023 · Hi @Borromini Thanks and do you know why my rootfs_data partition always fails to mount? At ubifs, I know I have to create rootfs_data volume name for overlay partition. I am trying to figur Apr 12, 2013 · root@OpenWrt:~# opkg install libopenssl Installing libopenssl (1. This is my case for this router with this OpenWrt version. Aug 13, 2011 · The above is for 10. 1M 0 100% /tmp/root mini_fo:/tmp/root 2. The overlay2 driver is a legacy storage driver that is superseded by the overlayfs containerd snapshotter. xx. 1M 0 Feb 20, 2021 · What is the correct set of options to format a sd card for use as /overlay FS on my Linkit Smart 7688 Target that has a limited RAM and can be extended by a sd card? Jan 27, 2014 · I'm using the latest build: OpenWrt Chaos Calmer r42659 on a netgear wndr-3700v4 usb storage support is installed and if I specify a target mount point in /etc/config/fstab to something that isn't '/' or '/overlay' the drive gets mounted ok. 1. 2, r19803-9a599fee93 (x86_64 efi). I suspect I just bricked the device . The contents stored in the tmpfs overlay need to not survive a reboot. I went into /overlay/upper and performed a delete of everything. You can manually remove files from /overlay/upper if you want to free up space or revert back to the firmware default. At jffs2, I don't know how to create volume for my overlay partition. As df command shows, there's no /overlay partition, but a /rom/overlay (see below). As you pointed out, the wireless driver packages are missing from the initramfs image. Apr 11, 2024 · When you want to install the Openwrt packages and find our router does not have enough flash memory, you can mount a USB drive or SD card as an external disk to install those packages onto it, like AdGuard Home. 0M. Yesterday i've upgraded the system from 23. Oct 3, 2022 · I want to temp to disable/umount the usb drive overlay extension, the fstab config mount option 0, after rebooted, the usb drive space is still mounted. 03. Other than that, you would have to solder in a bigger flash chip or make a usb-mod to use external storage. (The R4S uses an SD card for storage so there is typically extra space to expand into. Aug 9, 2019 · Hello; I am trying to set OpenWRT on an external usb drive. 9M 108. The goal here is to be able to tweak things on the router and, just in case these tweaks screw everything up, have to ability to get everything back to the same state it was when the tmpfs overlay got To settle any uncertainties: the /overlay mount is equivalent to the / root mount, such that all "default" reads and writes that do not access the device read-only ROM will always take place on /overlay, which is the root-equivalent for OpenWRT. So the device never booted after that reboot. Mar 10, 2025 · Hi All, I have a question about the /dev/loop0 usage. Here's what my storage looks like now (It's 4GB sd card ext4 version of OpenWrt running on Raspberry Pi4) What's the method to make the Temp space into the overlay? Sep 5, 2022 · The OverlayFS is typically used on systems running on embed devices, like OpenWRT, where is useful to preserve a basic set of configurations and at the same time allowing the user to perform modifications. May 7, 2025 · The overlay filesystem is a critical component in OpenWRT's storage architecture, providing a mechanism to modify a read-only filesystem by overlaying a writable layer on top of it. Aug 20, 2022 · Setup an overlay/extroot partition using a USB external drive on openwrt router. Alternatively, you have set the file permissions of that config file to read-only. dxdsuh mhnjljo ndaus cruzxg zkru zmkn zazn crad nzfpql jjsekqn ampdf ijy lvuk egb xxn