Myopic macular degeneration wiki Learn about the risk factors for progressive myopia and its potential complications. The risk is even greater for prescriptions of -10 diopters or more. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an acquired degeneration of the retina that causes significant central visual impairment through a combination of nonneovascular (drusen and retinal pigment epithelium abnormalities), and neovascular derangement (choroidal neovascular membrane formation). The strain it causes affects your eyes in ways they weren’t meant to tolerate. Myopic degeneration Progressive thinning of the retina resulting from elongation of the eyeball is termed myopic degeneration. This hemorrhaging can lead to scarring and macular degeneration, causing vision to gradually deteriorate. [1] Other symptoms may include headaches and eye strain. Peripapillary intrachoroidal cavitation (PICC) is usually found at the inferior border of the peripapillary conus in highly myopic eyes. This type of change is the dry form of Myopic Macular Degeneration (MMD), and it is also the most common type, affecting about 80-90% of MMD patients. The resulting condition is MMD. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to pathological myopia is the leading cause of vision impairment in patients younger than 50 years. Myopic macular degeneration affects people with severe myopia, which is an eyeglass prescription of -6 diopters or more. 10 Advanced myopic maculopathy causes loss of central vision and there is Myopic macular degeneration refers to the early degeneration of the central portion of vision due to layers of the retina being under traction. It is characterised by changes in pigmentation in the retinal pigment epithelium, the appearance of drusen on the retina of the eye and choroidal neovascularization. A, Color fundus photograph of the right eye demonstrating myopic macular degeneration with a posterior staphyloma, prominent peripapillary atrophy of the RPE, and extensive pigment Jul 1, 2025 · Macular degeneration may be caused by several things such as aging, exposures, and medical conditions. Choroidal neovascularization is a common cause of neovascular degenerative maculopathy (i. With over 80 million reported myopic children world wide there are considerable socioeconomical and public health concerns. Corresponding optical coherence tomography images (b, c) . Geographic atrophy (GA), also known as atrophic age-related macular degeneration (AMD) or advanced dry AMD, is an advanced form of age-related macular degeneration that can result in the progressive and irreversible loss of retinal tissue (photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, choriocapillaris) which can lead to a loss of central vision over time. Treatments may help slow the condition. Patients may complain of metamorphosia, scotoma or decreased vision if CNVM involves the central macula, but they can also be asymptomatic if located outside the macular area. Vision can Access patient education information about common eye diseases and conditions, reviewed by ophthalmologists. Mar 1, 2019 · Posterior staphyloma is for instance, responsible for the differences between a myopic macular hole (MH)—with and without retinal detachment—and idiopathic MH. New scientific c … Feb 24, 2021 · Figure 1: Clarus color fundus photograph of the right eye. lauer, md edited by sharon fekrat, md, and ingrid u. Oct 30, 2025 · Pathologic myopia. scott, md, mph Jun 26, 2017 · Pathologic myopia (PM), sometimes termed “myopic macular degeneration,” “myopic maculopathy,” or “degenerative myopia” (used interchangeably in this article), is a possible consequence of myopia, particularly in eyes with high myopia (typically defined as spherical equivalent of at least −6. Web Extra: A discussion of intravitreal injections of anti Mar 10, 2025 · INTRODUCTION Nicola Rizzieri High myopia, if not properly managed, can progress to pathological myopia (PM), leading to severe ocular complications such as myopic macular degeneration and optic neuropathy, with the risk of permanent vision loss. Our Mission We are a group of Myopic Macular Degeneration (MMD) patients and patient advocates. Myopic degeneration is a common cause of legal blindness. A history of metamorphopsia in myopic patients should arouse a suspicion of CNV. This condition occurs when the eye's optical power is too high for the corresponding axial length of the eye, resulting in images of distant objects being focused in front of the retina. There are currently no treatments for dry MMD. It occurs when the elongation of the eyeball leads to changes in the retina and underlying structures, causing progressive damage to the macula—the central part of the retina responsible for detailed vision. [1] Sep 19, 2022 · Myopia, colloquially referred to as shortsightedness or nearsightedness, is one of the most common global eye diseases. Apr 29, 2025 · Myopic Degeneration (Degenerative Myopia) Myopic degeneration happens when you have severe nearsightedness. Myopia, including pathologic myopia, has seen a significant increase in prevalence in recent years. There is a subtle hemorrhage in the superotemporal macula overlying an area suspicious for a lacquer crack (arrow). 2007;91 (6):719-721. The fundus demonstrates many signs characteristic to high myopia including a tilted disc, peripapillary atrophy, and macular atrophy. Nov 10, 2021 · In the following sections, we’ll delve into each of the vision-threatening conditions that are known to occur in eyes with pathologic myopia, including myopic choroidal neovascularization, myopic subretinal hemorrhage, myopic choroidal atrophy, dome-shaped macula, posterior staphyloma, myopic traction maculopathy and macular hole retinal Jun 28, 2024 · Pathologic myopia, or degenerative or malignant Myopia, is a progressive form of nearsightedness that can lead to serious eye health complications. Myopic Degeneration also known as myopic macular degeneration (MMD), is a condition associated with high myopia (severe nearsightedness). Learn more about myopic macular degeneration (MMD), or degenerative myopia, including its symptoms, causes, diagnosis, complications, and treatment. Vitreoretinal surgical and laser techniques are effective in restoring, preserving, and enhancing vision, especially in cases of macular degeneration related to degenerative myopia. A, Color fundus photograph of the right eye demonstrating myopic macular degeneration with a posterior staphyloma, prominent peripapillary atrophy of the RPE, and extensive pigment mottling centrally. e. Media opacity limiting ability to judge eligibility. Myopic correction > 8 D in phakic eye, or evidence of retinal abnormalities consistent with pathologic myopia. raecker, md, dong-wouk park, md, and andreas k. It is considered an incurable eye disease, but it is treatable. Heavy versus standard silicone oil in the management of retinal detachment with macular hole in myopic Apr 26, 2022 · Myopic maculopathy Myopic maculopathy is also known as myopic macular degeneration. Learn more about the condition here. Myopic Degeneration Myopic degeneration is a condition characterized by progressive stretching of the eye that damages the retina, the layer of light-sensitive cells that lines the back of the eye. Unlike typical myopia, which stabilises in early adulthood, pathologic myopia worsens, often resulting in structural changes to the eye that increase the risk of conditions such as retinal detachment, myopic macular degeneration, and glaucoma Aug 8, 2024 · The following key words and combination of these words were used in compiling the initial search: lacquer cracks; myopic maculopathy; myopic macular degeneration; high myopia; pathological myopia. [1 Choroidal neovascularization in myopic macular degeneration can cause vision loss, but advances in treatment options may prevent that outcome for many. The pathologic features may also include lamellar or full-thickness macular holes, shallow foveal detachments, and inner retinal fluid. Apr 11, 2024 · 黃斑部病變的定義 黃斑部病變 (Macular degeneration)是種 慢性疾病，主要的原因是 老化，但年輕人也有可能因為先天性的遺傳因素而罹患。罹患黃斑部病變的患者，是因為原本能幫助看清事物的視網膜慢慢退化，導致眼睛中央的 視力減弱，但是周邊視力並不會受影響。黃斑部病變，目前尚無法治癒 The following key words and combination of these words were used in compiling the initial search: lacquer cracks; myopic maculopathy; myopic macular degeneration; high myopia; patho-logical myopia. Diagnosis and Treatment of CNV in Myopic Macular Degeneration by matthew e. Myopia is a significant, prevalent disease in children with increasing rates of progression. Photodynamic Therapy This less common therapy uses a light-activated drug to seal abnormal blood vessels, preventing further vision loss. People with severenearsightedness (high myopia) are at greater risk for myopic degeneration. Pathologic myopia. May 2, 2022 · Myopic macular degeneration (MMD) is also known as pathological myopia, and it's a severe form of nearsightedness that can lead to blindness. CE within past month, or capsulotomy within 3 d. Br J Ophthalmol. Macular Degeneration is the leading cause of vision loss, more than cataracts and glaucoma combined. Oct 17, 2024 · Over time, this stretching can cause significant structural changes in the retina and choroid, increasing the risk of complications like myopic macular degeneration, lacquer cracks, and choroidal neovascularization (CNV). [1] See full list on eyewiki. But early detection and care can slow or limit how severe this disease gets. A substantial amount of Myopic traction maculopathy (MTM), also known as myopic foveoschisis, is a schisis-like thickening of the retina in eyes with high myopia with posterior staphyloma. org Myopia, pathological myopia and myopic macular degeneration Myopic macular degeneration is a type of macular degeneration that occurs in people with severe myopia. Further studies investigating current long-term treatment outcomes are needed. Dec 1, 2022 · Degenerative myopia is a progressive condition that causes worsening nearsightedness. While the condition can't be cured, doctors can use therapies to amend the serious side effects it can cause. Macular foveoschisis (MF) (also termed retinoschisis) is thought to occur in 9-20% of highly myopic eyes with posterior staphyloma. There have been recent advances in the classification system for myopic maculopathy that enables clinicians to describe different types of lesions, including tessellated fundus, diffuse/patchy chorioretinal atrophy, macular atrophy Myopic macular degeneration (MDD) is a type of macular degeneration that can affect people with severe nearsightedness (myopia). 9 Myopic maculopathy may take the form of atrophic changes or be complicated by choroidal neovascular membrane (CNV) formation. Our main objective is to engage in dialogue with researchers, with the goal of developing new treatments to halt or restore vision loss caused by macular degeneration due to high myopia. It usually causes a slow visual decline, but this varies a lot from patient to patient. Apr 1, 2015 · Management of choroidal neovascularization in the highly myopic patient presents particular challenges. Severe nearsightedness is one indication of myopic degeneration, but so are any signs of myopic macular degeneration, macular stretching or splitting, glaucoma, cataracts, or growth and leakage of blood vessels under the retina. Approaches to treat the diseases associated with high myopia are urgently needed in order to reduce the threat of visual impairment. The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) undergoes atrophic and tractional changes that ultimately lead to its compromise. It has been suggested that PM is characterized by progressive elongation of The Fuchs spot (also known as Förster-Fuchs' Spot[1]) is a degeneration of the macula in cases of high myopia. [1][2][10] As a result, distant objects appear blurry, while close objects appear normal. 0 diopters). Myopia can be corrected by wearing glasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery What is Myopic Degeneration? Myopic degeneration, also known as myopic macular degeneration (MMD), is a condition that affects individuals with severe nearsightedness (high myopia). Read more Surgical excision of CNV and macular translocation are generally considered older treatments and have been superseeded by intravitreal therapy with Lucentis and Avastin. Cheung BT, Lai TY, Yuen CY, et al. Individuals with more severe nearsightedness or high myopia are at greater risk for developing myopic degeneration. We aim to engage in a dialogue with researchers, with the goal of helping develop new treatments to halt or restore vision loss. 'wet' macular degeneration) [2] commonly exacerbated by extreme myopia, malignant myopic degeneration, or age-related developments [citation needed] The development and progression of myopic chorioretinal atrophy, myopic macular neovascularization, myopic traction maculopathy and dome-shaped macula are vision-threatening myopic macular diseases. [1][2][3][4] It is estimated that GA . Any condition, other than CNV, that could limit visual recovery in the study eye. It occurs when the elongation of the eyeball in myopia causes structural changes in the retina, particularly the macula, which is the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision. It is a significant cause of irreversible vision loss worldwide and prediction models demonstrate the substantial future impact on the population. Myopia, also known as near-sightedness and short-sightedness, [7] is an eye condition [8][9] where light from distant objects focuses in front of, instead of on, the retina. However, avoiding development and progression of axial elongation in childhood will reduce the risk of severe myopia-related maculopathy later in life 黃斑變性 （macular degeneration）又稱 老年性黃斑部病變 （age-related macular degeneration，AMD，ARMD），是黃斑部結構的衰老性改變，會出現 視力模糊 或 中央視野 視力障礙 的症狀 [1]。 初期通常症狀不明显，可能视力下降。部分病患會隨時間有階段性的惡化，影響單眼或雙眼，此时虽未造成完全的 失明 Myopic macular degeneration (maculopathy). More over, High myopia is associated with potentially blinding complications such as glaucoma, retinal detachment, and myopic macular degeneration. Learn more about these sight-saving therapies. An update on diagnosis and treatment. [1] It has been suggested that the schisis-like thickening represents edema from traction Apr 6, 2016 · Figure 2. The ability to predict which individuals with high myopia will develop PM represents a challenge in ophthalmological research, as it could enable Jul 14, 2022 · Myopia causes the retina to stretch which can lead to the degeneration of the macula. Contraindication to surgery or anesthesia. Its social and economic burden has been demonstrated by epidemiological studies. Without treatment, myopic degeneration can worsen and lead to permanent vision loss and blindness. , showing complete loss of retinal pigment epithelium and outer retina in area of patchy atrophy. People who are nearsighted can see close objects clearly, but distant objects seem blurry. It is damage to the macula from progressive, abnormal elongation of the eyeball which has resulted in degenerative changes in the back of the eye. Read more here. 1,2 Previous population-based and hospital-based, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies have shown that long ocular axial length, further axial elongation, older age, female sex, and Lacquer cracks are generally believed to be relatively innocuous lesions by themselves; however, progression to other features of myopic macular degeneration, such as patchy chorioretinal atrophy and choroidal neovascularization, may result in irreversible visual impairment. This Summary Pathologic myopia is a major cause of low vision and blindness worldwide. Apr 7, 2025 · Classification of Peripheral Retinal Degenerations Peripheral retinal degenerations are classified according to the following criteria: Location: equatorial, peripheral, or combined Pathomorphology: trophic, tractional, atrophic, or combined Depth of retinal changes: intraretinal, retinal, vitreoretinal, or chorioretinal Risk for retinal detachment Prognosis: progressive or stationary The Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the creation of new blood vessels in the choroid layer of the eye. Myopic macular degeneration (MMD) has become one of the most common causes for irreversible vision impairment and blindness in the adult population worldwide, and in particular in East and Southeast Asia. Results of high-density silicone oil as a tamponade agent in macular hole retinal detachment in patients with high myopia. Myopia means you can see objects that are nearby but have trouble seeing objects farther away. It is also called degenerative myopia and pathological myopia. [1][11] Severe myopia is associated with an increased risk of macular Pathological myopia is a major cause of irreversible vision loss and is the fourth to ninth most frequent cause of blindness in the world. It is seen in pathological myopia, or degenerative myopia, which is a leading cause of vision impairment worldwide. [2] It occurs due to proliferation of retinal pigment epithelium associated with choroidal hemorrhage. Macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD or ARMD), is a medical condition which may result in blurred or no vision in the center of the visual field. Learn more about degenerative myopia. There are chorioretinal scars in the inferonasal periphery. [2] If left untreated, high myopia can cause retinal detachment, glaucoma, and a higher risk of cataracts. Epidemiology About us We are a myopic macular degeneration (MMD) advocacy group. Avitabile T, Bonfiglio V, Buccoliero D, et al. What causes myopic degeneration? Myopic degeneration is related to myopia or nearsightedness. Jul 29, 2024 · Pathological myopia leading to visual impairment is a global concern and has recently been classified for ease of identification and treatment. Symptoms: CNVM is a frequent cause of vision loss in patients with myopic degeneration. The risk of macular degeneration due to myopia rises sharply with age and increasing myopia. Age-related macular degeneration is a degenerative maculopathy associated with progressive sight loss. Nov 1, 2025 · Progressive myopia is nearsightedness that worsens year after year. Chorioretinal atrophy is a hallmark of advanced staphyloma, contributing to progressive visual decline. Posterior staphyloma with myopic macular degeneration (a). Myopic degeneration commonly occurs during young adulthood and can lead to a gradual decrease in central vision. It is named after the two persons who first described it: Ernst Fuchs, who described a pigmented lesion in 1901, and Forster, who described subretinal neovascularization in 1862. Myopic degeneration is a condition characterized by progressive stretching of the eye that damages the retina, the layer of light-sensitive cells that lines the back of the eye. People with severe nearsightedness (high myopia) are at greater risk for myopic degeneration. Feb 24, 2025 · A patient advocate living with myopic macular degeneration (MMD) receives another diagnosis of degenerative myopia. Posterior staphyloma typically induces retinal layer splitting, leading to foveoschisis in myopic MH, an important differentiating factor between myopic and emmetropic MH. qzhqbtn jybwo txfx dflcfpv bckie irvssc kcpx xngqi gbubp rvca tktcjh iqqza fbsl agbyth dmdhc